Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to pick up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide; in contrast, systemic arteries carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. See: illustration. Anatomy. Structurally, a typical artery has three tissue layers: the inner layer (tunica intima) has endothelial tissue; the middle layer (tunica media) has smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue; and the outer layer (tunica externa) has connective tissue. See: illustrationaccessory meningeal artery. The fourth branch of the first segment of the maxillary artery.
It enters the cranial cavity through the foramen ovale. The superior adrenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery, the middle adrenal artery is a branch of the aorta, and the inferior adrenal artery is a branch of the renal artery. The anterior cerebral artery anastomoses with the contralateral anterior cerebral artery via the anterior communicating artery. See: brain (Major arteries of the brain) and circle of Willis for illus. See: brain (Major arteries of the brain) for illus.
A branch of the common interosseous artery; it runs through the forearm on the anterior interosseous membrane. At each intervertebral foramen, radicular arteries join the anterior spinal artery, which supplies blood to the ventral half of the spinal cord. Its branches include the anterior and posterior tibial recurrent arteries and anterior medial and anterior lateral malleolar arteries; in the foot, it continues as the dorsalis pedis artery. Branches of the arcuate arteries are called the interlobular arteries, and these give rise to the afferent glomerular arteries. Its branches include the posterior meningeal and the inferior tympanic arteries.
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Synonym: pharyngeal arteryauditory artery. Internal auditory artery.
Posterior auricular artery. In the embryo, the precursor to the continuous subclavian, axillary, brachial, and interosseous arteries. Its branches (from medial to lateral) are the supreme (superior) thoracic, thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular, and anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries.
It forms as the union of the vertebral arteries on the ventral surface of the hindbrain; it runs as far as the midbrain, just rostral to the oculomotor nerves, where it splits into the right and left posterior cerebral arteries. Major branches include the pontine, internal auditory (labyrinthine), anterior inferior cerebellar, and superior cerebellar arteries. Strokes involving the basilar artery can produce damage to the cerebellum and to regions of the hindbrain regulating essential vegetative functions, such as consciousness and respiration. The brachial artery is a continuation of the axillary artery and it runs on the inside (medial side) of the arm; it terminates by splitting into the radial and ulnar arteries. Its main branches include the deep brachial (profunda brachii) artery and the superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries. The bronchial arteries follow the arborization of the bronchial tree and supply oxygenated blood to the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles and to the connective tissue of the lungs. The first branches of the bronchial arteries include small arteries to the esophagus, pericardium, and mediastinum.
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It supplies blood to the foregut, i. The celiac artery is short and wide; its branches include the left gastric, the splenic, and the common hepatic arteries. The central retinal artery then emerges (usually as four branches, the superior and inferior temporal, and the superior and inferior nasal arteries) into the retina through the optic disc amidst the optic axons. The anterior choroidal artery it is a branch of the internal carotid artery; it supplies blood to the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle, the optic tract, the lateral geniculate body, the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the globus pallidus, and parts of the thalamus. The posterior choroidal arteries are branches of the posterior cerebral artery; they supply blood to the choroid plexus of the third ventricle. The anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries anastomose and supply blood to the surgical neck of the humerus and the deltoid, the coracobrachialis, and the heads of the biceps muscles.
It is a branch of the external iliac artery and it innervates the transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles. It supplies blood to the infraspinatus and subscapularis muscles and it anastomoses with the transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries. The left common carotid usually arises from the aortic arch proximal to the left subclavian; the right common carotid is a branch of the brachiocephalic artery.
Each common carotid artery runs rostrally in the carotid sheath and enters the neck (behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle) without branching; in the neck, between the level of the top of the trachea and the floor of the mouth, each common carotid artery divides into an internal and an external carotid artery. It runs forward and to the right. After giving off the gastroduodenal artery, the common hepatic artery continues toward the liver as the hepatic artery. Its two branches are the external and the internal iliac arteries. See: brachial artery for illus. See: illustrationcremasteric artery.
A branch of the inferior epigastric artery. In the male, it runs with and supplies blood to the spermatic cord; in the female, it runs with the round ligament. It follows the cystic duct to the gallbladder. It runs to the cervical vertebrae, it supplies blood to the semispinalis cervicis muscles, and it anastomoses with the descending branch of the occipital artery. Its branches include the medial circumflex femoral and the lateral circumflex femoral arteries. These arteries supply blood to the temporalis muscle. Its branches include the lesser and the greater palatine arteries.
See: brachial artery for illus. The coronary circulation is said to be . Elastic arteries include the aorta and its larger branches (brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, and common iliac), which conduct blood to the muscular arteries. Synonym: terminal arteryepigastric artery.
The superior or the inferior epigastric artery. Both types of esophageal arteries anastomose with each other. The external carotid arises from the common carotid artery at about the level of the top of the trachea; it then runs behind the neck of the mandible toward the rear of the parotid gland. Its major branches are (from bottom to top): the ascending pharyngeal, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, maxillary, occipital, posterior auricular, and superficial temporal arteries. Its branches include the inferior epigastric artery and the deep circumflex iliac artery.
Its branches include the ascending palatine, tonsillar, submental, inferior and superior labial, and lateral nasal arteries. Branches of the femoral artery include the superficial epigastric, the superficial circumflex iliac, the external pudendal, the deep femoral, and the descending genicular arteries. Behind the knee, the femoral artery continues as the popliteal artery. The single (unpaired) hepatic artery gives off a branch to the gallbladder, i.
It disappears in the later months of gestation. Its inferior branch gives rise to the ascending colic, cecal, appendicular, and ileal arteries. With the inferior alveolar nerve, the inferior alveolar artery enters the mandibular canal through the mandibular foramen. Before entering the foramen, the inferior alveolar artery gives off the mylohyoid artery; the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar artery is the mental artery. It then continues upward in the rectus sheath and eventually anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery, which is running downward in the sheath.
Its branches include the sciatic and coccygeal arteries, and it anastomoses with the lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries. It supplies blood to the hindgut, i. Its branches include the left colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal arteries. Its branches include the superior adrenal arteries. Its branches include the ascending cervical, pharyngeal, inferior laryngeal, and superior and inferior thyroid arteries. It supplies blood to the canine and incisor teeth, the lower eyelid, upper lip, and cheek. It ends by dividing into the right subclavian and the right common carotid arteries.
Synonym: brachiocephalic artery; brachiocephalic trunk See: aorta (Branches of aorta); circulation (Circulation of blood through heart and major vessels); head (Arteries and veins of the head) for illus. Any of the nine pairs of arteries that originate from the dorsal side of the thoracic aorta and run horizontally between the ribs to supply blood to the skin, muscles, and bones of the chest wall. These aortic intercostal arteries run in interspaces 3 to 1.
The intercostal arteries of the first two interspaces are branches of the superior intercostal artery (a branch of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery). The anterior (sternal) segments of the upper nine intercostal spaces receive their blood supplies from the anterior intercostal arteries, which are branches of the internal mammary artery. The interlobar arteries give rise to the arcuate arteries, which run along the bases of the pyramids. The interlobular arteries run in the cortex of the kidney and give rise to the afferent glomerular arteries.
After branching from the common carotid, the internal carotid continues in the carotid sheath to the carotid foramen in the base of the skull just anterior to the jugular foramen. The internal carotid then turns forward and runs in the carotid canal inside the petrous part of the temporal bone.
Passing over the foramen lacerum, the internal carotid emerges from its canal and follows the carotid groove upward along the medial wall of the middle cranial fossa, passing through the cavernous sinus. Just below the optic nerve, the internal carotid loops back and turns upward to become the middle cerebral artery of the circle of Willis.